What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis assert about language?

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linguistic relativity, posits that the structure and vocabulary of a language influence how its speakers perceive and think about the world. This means that language not only serves as a means of communication but also plays a crucial role in shaping our experiences and thought processes. Consequently, individuals who speak different languages may view and understand the world in varying ways based on the linguistic frameworks available to them. This perspective highlights that language can limit our ability to conceptualize certain ideas or experiences, thereby shaping our perception of reality itself.

The other options misinterpret the foundational ideas of the hypothesis. For instance, suggesting that language is irrelevant to thought undermines the core assertion of linguistic relativity. Similarly, asserting that everyone perceives reality the same regardless of language ignores the nuanced influence language has on perception. Lastly, the assertion that thought is independent of linguistic expression contradicts the idea that words and grammar can shape cognitive processes. In essence, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis emphasizes the profound connection between language, thought, and reality.