What does 'defensive communication' refer to?

Defensive communication refers to communication that arises in response to perceived threats or criticism. Individuals often resort to defensive communication when they feel attacked, misunderstood, or criticized, leading them to react protectively rather than engaging constructively. This type of communication can manifest through various responses, such as making excuses, getting angry, or shutting down. It often hinders effective dialogue and can escalate conflicts rather than resolve them. Understanding this concept is crucial for recognizing how the emotional state of speakers and listeners can impact communication dynamics, particularly in high-stress or sensitive situations.