In symbolic interactions, how does the self develop?

The development of the self in symbolic interactionism is fundamentally rooted in the concept that our identity and self-perception are shaped through interactions with others. This perspective emphasizes the role of social environments and communication in constructing meaning. When we receive messages and feedback from the people around us—whether directly through their words or indirectly through their behaviors and attitudes—we form an understanding of ourselves based on these interactions.

For example, when others affirm or criticize our behaviors, we internalize these responses and adjust our self-concept accordingly. This ongoing process of interaction helps us navigate our social world and shapes our identity over time. The influence of others thus becomes central to the way we view ourselves and how we relate to society.

In contrast, the other options highlight aspects that do not align with the principles of symbolic interactionism. Genetic factors may play a role in personality traits, but they do not account for the social construction of self. Limiting the development of self to personal experiences ignores the crucial influence of social feedback. Finally, while reflection can lead to self-awareness, isolation would hinder the interaction needed for the self to develop, as interaction with others is key to forming our identities.